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Emeritus Professor of Animal Science. Associate Teaching Professor of History. Associate Professor of History. Associate Professor of Sociology.

Xavier Chicago. Assistant Professor of Mechanical Engineering. Emeritus Adjunct Professor of Kinesiology. Lecturer in Industrial and Manufacturing Systems Engineering. Emeritus Professor of Sociology. Assistant Professor of History. Adjunct Associate Professor of English. Olaf; M. Emeritus Professor of Veterinary Clinical Sciences. Professor of Economics. Xaviers College; M. Assistant Professor of Management and Entrepreneurship.

Josephs; M. Professor of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering. Welch Distinguished Professor in Human Sciences. Emeritus Associate Professor of English. Emeritus Professor of Music and Theatre.

Professor of Biochemistry, Biophysics, and Molecular Biology. Associate Professor of Architecture. Associate Teaching Professor of Chemistry. Emeritus Professor of Landscape Architecture.

Associate Professor of Community and Regional Planning. Associate Professor of Finance. Professor of Sociology. Michael's Vermont ; Ph. Professor of Sociology and Chair of the Department. Assistant Professor of Plant Pathology and Microbiology. Associate Professor of Music and Theatre. Affiliate Professor of Animal Science. Emeritus Associate Professor, Library. Emeritus Professor of Chemical and Biological Engineering. Professor of Biomedical Sciences.

Professor of Natural Resource and Ecology Management. Professor of Community and Regional Planning. Associate Professor of Graphic Design. Emeritus Professor of Plant Pathology and Microbiology.

Associate Professor of Veterinary Pathology. Associate Teaching Professor of English. Associate Teaching Professor of Music and Theatre. Professor of Finance and Chair of the Department. Assistant Professor of English. Professor of School of Education. Professor of Mechanical Engineering. Adjunct Assistant Professor of Music and Theatre. Affiliate Assistant Professor of Kinesiology.

Adjunct Professor of Physics and Astronomy. Assistant Professor of Sociology. Associate Teaching Professor of Animal Science. Emeritus Professor of English; University Professor. Emeritus Professor of Agronomy. Professor of Mathematics. Associate Professor of Computer Science. Emeritus Professor of Mathematics. Affiliate Assistant Professor of Animal Science.

Affiliate Associate Professor of Agronomy. Emeritus Associate Professor of School of Education. Associate Professor of Biomedical Sciences. Affiliate Assistant Professor of Entomology. Associate Professor of World Languages and Cultures. Assistant Teaching Professor of Mathematics. Professor of Civil, Construction, and Environmental Engineering.

Emeritus Professor of Management and Entrepreneurship. Francis; Ph. D, , Arizona State. Emeritus Professor of Architecture. Associate Teaching Professor of Computer Science.

Emeritus Professor of Horticulture. Military Academy; M. Professor of Physics and Astronomy. Associate Professor of Supply Chain Management. Affiliate Associate Professor of Kinesiology.

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Assistant Professor of Interior Design. Professor of Kinesiology and Chair of the Department. Professor of Horticulture; Professor of Agronomy. University Professor. Associate Professor of English. Petersburg, Russia. Professor of Entomology; Charles F. Professor of Chemical and Biological Engineering. Affiliate Instructor in Geological and Atmospheric Sciences. Associate Professor of Industrial Design. Professor of Materials Science and Engineering. Affiliate Professor of Psychology. Teaching Professor of Materials Science and Engineering.

Professor of History and Chair of the Department. Emeritus Professor of Mathematics; University Professor. Professor of Finance. Associate Professor of Marketing. Professor of Psychology and Chair of the Department.

Lecturer in Management and Entrepreneurship. Emeritus Associate Professor of Biomedical Sciences. Associate Professor of Materials Science and Engineering.

Professor of Art and Visual Culture. Emeritus Associate Professor of Graphic Design. Phil, , Hyderabad India ; Ph. Professor of Supply Chain Management. Toxicity of fractionated and degraded Mexican marigold floral extract to adult Sitophilus zeamais Coleoptera: Curculionidae. Journal of Economic Entomology, 90 6 ; 13 ref.

Comparison of three trap types for monitoring insect populations in stored grains. Journal of Economic Entomology, 91 6 ; 21 ref. Yana A, On the use of iodofenphos to control some grain insects in Tunisia.

Zhang LiLi, The sensitivity of various development stages of maize weevil to phosphine. Acta Phytophylacica Sinica, 24 4 ; 6 ref. Anon, Preliminary report on the distribution of Guizhou rice weevil and maize weevil. Guizhou Nongye Kexue.

In: Technical Document No. Zashchita Rastenii. Diagnostic records of the Plant Health Diagnostic Services. Ciencias de la Agricultura.

Revue Science et Technique. Bahr I, Prinz W, Nachrichtenblatt fur den Pflanzenschutz in der DDR. Berger H K, Hetfleis M, Florida Entomologist. Journal of Entomological Science. Proceedings of the Hawaiian Entomological Society. Landwirtschaft Schweiz. CABI, Undated a.

CABI, Undated b. L'influence de l'ouverture des glumelles. Agronomie Tropicale. Journal of African Zoology. In: Brady, E. Evans N J, Journal of Stored Products Research.

Ganesalingam V K, Ceylon Journal of Science, Biological Sciences. Gelosi A, Arcozzi L, Punteruolo del mais Sitophilus zea-mays Motschulsky. Informatore Fitopatologico. Tropical Science. Investigation on the species and distribution of stored grain insects in northwest China. In: Tropical Stored Products Information, 25 Food Control.

Ecological Research. Olalquiaga F G, Aspectos fitosanitarios de la Isla de Pascua. Revista Chilena de Entomologia. Pantenius C U, In: Insect Science and its Application, 9 6 Partridge I J, Fiji Agricultural Journal. Acta Phytopathologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae. Revetti L M, Irradiacion de granos. Irradiacion de maiz Zea mays L. Agronomia Tropical. Revista Brasileira de Fruticultura. Seifelnasr Y E, Indian Journal of Entomology.

In: Entomological Problems in Bolivia, 18 [ed. Agricultura Tropica et Subtropica. A kukoricazsizsik Sitophilus zeamais Motsch. Thind B B, Muggleton J, Bulletin of Entomological Research.

Virmani S S, International Rice Research Newsletter. Wu F, Yan X P, Distribution of the related weevil species Sitophilus oryzae and S. Journal of Economic Entomology. Sur l'utilisation du iodofenphos pour lutter contre quelques insectes des grains en Tunisie. One or more of the features that are needed to show you the maps functionality are not available in the web browser that you are using. Toggle navigation. Datasheet Sitophilus zeamais greater grain weevil.

Don't need the entire report? Generate a print friendly version containing only the sections you need. Generate report. Expand all sections Collapse all sections. Scutellum with lateral elevations further apart than their longitudinal length which is about half as long as the scutellum. Title Adult Caption Adult beetle of S. Notes on Taxonomy and Nomenclature Top of page The taxonomy of the Sitophilus group has been confused until recently, so that the value of much of the earlier literature on these insects has been reduced, because of the difficulty of knowing the species to which it refers.

First described by Linnaeus in as Curculio oryza, the first named species of the group was later revised by De Clairville and Scheltenburg in as Calandra oryzae, which uses the commonest generic synonym for Sitophilus. Many workers subsequently recognized that two distinct forms of the species existed, which were described as the 'large' and 'small' forms.

In , Motschulsky recognized the large form as a distinct species, which he named Sitophilus zeamais. Unfortunately, few workers recognized this revision and the name Calandra oryzae continued to be applied to all insects in this complex. Takahashi in and complicated matters by raising the small form to specific status as Calandra sasakii. This confused situation continued until , when Floyd and Newsom revised the complex; this was followed by a further revision by Kuschel In these revisions it was shown that Linnaeus originally described the smaller species and that Motschulsky's description of the larger species was valid.

Both species were therefore placed in the genus Sitophilus with the specific names proposed by Linnaeus and Motschulsky. Unfortunately, the size difference between S. Therefore the only true and unconfused synonym of S.

The genus Sitophilus and its species may be identified using the keys of Gorham or Haines Description Top of page Eggs, Larvae and Pupae These developmental stages are all found within tunnels and chambers bored in the grain and are thus not normally seen. The larvae are apodous. Adults Usually blacker than S. Males with median lobe of aedeagus with two longitudinal grooves dorsally, except in the apical quarter, and is thus sinuous in cross section.

Females with lateral lobes of the Y-shaped sclerite pointed and their separation is greater than for S. Both have the characteristic rostrum and elbowed antennae of the family Curculionidae. The antennae have eight segments and are often carried in an extended position when the insect is walking.

Both species usually have four pale reddish-brown or orange-brown oval markings on the elytra, but these are often indistinct. See also S. Both species can be separated from S. Molecular characters also separate S. Distribution Top of page S. The detailed map plotted on the basis of actual country records gives a falsely restricted distribution. These pests are carried all over the world in grain shipments and can establish themselves wherever there is food and where grain moisture and temperature are favourable.

In various locations, one species may be more common than the other. A global survey of resistance to pesticides Champ and Dyte, contains detailed location lists for both species. Distribution Table Top of page The distribution in this summary table is based on all the information available.

However, food preferences of the two species are variable; it is clear that S. In the case of rice, detailed surveys in Indonesia have shown that S.

Laboratory studies have shown that this is a result of their different rates of increase on these two forms of rice Hussain et al. It is not yet known whether these relationships with the form of rice hold true throughout the tropics, but imports of milled rice into the UK from many countries are much more frequently infested by S. Both species are able to breed on dried cassava and have been reported as frequent pests of this commodity.

A few strains of S. Growth Stages Top of page Post-harvest. Black flies range in size from 5 to 15 mm, and they are relatively robust, with an arched thoracic region Figure 1. They have large compound eyes, short antennae, and a pair of large, fan-shaped wings. Most species have a black body, but yellow and even orange species exist.

Black flies undergo a type of development known as "complete metamorphosis" Figure 2. This means the last larval stage molts into a non-feeding pupal stage that eventually transforms into a winged adult. After taking a blood meal, females develop a single batch of eggs. Most species lay their eggs in or on flowing water, but some attach them to wet surfaces such as blades of aquatic grasses.

The length of time it takes an egg to hatch varies greatly from species to species. Eggs of most species hatch in days, but those of certain species may not hatch for a period of several months or longer.

The number of larval stages ranges from , with 7 being the usual number. The duration of larval development ranges from months, depending in part on water temperature and food supply. The life cycle stage that passes though winter is the last stage larva attached underwater to rocks, driftwood, and concrete surfaces such as dams and sides of man-made channels. Figure 2. Black fly life cycle. The yellow fever mosquito has a cosmo-tropical distribution annually, and spreads to more temperate regions during the summer months.

Originating in Africa, Aedes aegypti is now present globally in tropical and sub-tropical regions. In the early s, Aedes aegypti distribution extended from the southern United States down to Argentina.

The mids saw the development of a fairly successful Aedes aegypti eradication program throughout its range in North and South America as a method to control yellow fever through education, adult mosquito control, and manipulation of container breeding sites.

Though initially successful, Aedes aegypti has reestablished in most of the pre-eradication range due to lack of commitment and financial backing necessary to maintain the eradication program Nelson The program is no longer operational today. Figure 2. Reinfestation by the yellow fever mosquito, Aedes aegypti Linnaeus , in the Americas, as of Left image shows reduction of range resulting from the eradication programs beginning in the mids.

Right image shows reinfestation resulting from the end of the eradication programs. In the United States, Aedes aegypti is found in 23 states, including the southeastern U. Aedes aegypti is still a common mosquito in urban areas of southern Florida, and in cities along the Gulf coast of Texas and Louisiana. Figure 3. Distribution of the yellow fever mosquito, Aedes aegypti Linnaeus , in the United States as of The adult yellow fever mosquito is a small to medium-sized mosquito, approximately 4 to 7 millimeters.

To the unaided eye, adult yellow fever mosquitoes resemble the Asian tiger mosquito with a slight difference in size and thorax patterns. Aedes aegypti adults have white scales on the dorsal top surface of the thorax that form the shape of a violin or lyre, while adult Aedes albopictus have a white stripe down the middle of the top of the thorax.

Each tarsal segment of the hind legs possesses white basal bands, forming what appear to be stripes. The abdomen is generally dark brown to black, but also may possess white scales Carpenter and LaCasse Figure 4. Adult yellow fever mosquito, Aedes aegypti Linnaeus , showing the white "lyre" shape on the dorsal side of the thorax.

Figure 5. Close-up of the "lyre" on an adult yellow fever mosquito, Aedes aegypti Linnaeus. Females are larger than males, and can be distinguished by small palps tipped with silver or white scales.

Males have plumose antennae, whereas females have sparse short hairs. When viewed under a microscope, male mouthparts are modified for nectar feeding, and female mouthparts are modified for blood feeding. The proboscis of both sexes is dark, and the clypeus segment above the proboscis has two clusters of white scales. The tip of the abdomen comes to a point, which is characteristic of all Aedes species Cutwa-Francis and O'Meara Figure 6.

An adult female yellow fever mosquito, Aedes aegypti Linnaeus , in the process of acquiring a blood meal from its human host, after having penetrated the skin surface with the sharply-pointed "fascicle. Figure 7. An adult female yellow fever mosquito, Aedes aegypti Linnaeus , with a newly-obtained fiery red blood meal visible through her now transparent abdomen. The now heavy female mosquito takes flight as she leaves her host's skin surface.

After having filled with blood, the abdomen became distended, stretching the exterior exoskeletal surface, causing it to become transparent, and allowed the collecting blood to become visible as an enlarging intra-abdominal red mass. Note also the clearly defined head, mouth parts and legs. Adults: Aedes aegypti is a holometabolous insect, meaning that it goes through a complete metamorphosis with an egg, larva, pupa, and adult stage.

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